Focusing Four
With grateful acknowledgment to Garmston and Wellman
This is one of our favorite tools for helping groups narrow their options from many (after brainstorming) to a few, or perhaps the favorite choice.
  • Brainstorm:  this is where ideas are generated.  Follow the rules of brainstorming, being especially careful not to debate or discuss any idea.
  • Clarify:  members can ask questions to help them understand any idea which is unclear.  Again, be careful not to debate or discuss....just ensure that everyone understands what the author of each item meant.
  • Advocate:  Any member can speak in favor of any idea.  Again, do not speak against any idea.  If an idea is clearly not viable, then perhaps nobody will advocate it, but don't waste time telling why it won't work.  Often, only one or two of the brainstormed ideas will have advocates, because the best idea will already be evident!
  • Survey:  It's time to find out the members' preferences. (This is not voting!)  There are a number of ways to do this. 
    • If the list of ideas is long it needs to be narrowed down. Ask everyone to think of their top 4 or 5 choices, and then raise their hands to indicate them as the list is read.  After the results are up and visible, go down each idea and ask the group's permission to eliminate those with little support.
    • Once the list is fairly short (4 or fewer ideas), survey again using the five finger method.  Read off each item and ask members to indicate their degree of support (5,4,3,2,1).  At this point, at least one idea will likely be a clear choice.  In the case of a clear choice except for a "1" (unacceptable) indication, ask that person how the idea might be changed to accommodate his/her needs.
    • Once the group's best idea is evident, analyze the data with the group.  Who are the "cheerleaders" (fives) who can be counted on for leadership.  Who are the twos, who need public acknowledge of their agreement, but weak or no support.  A public acknowledgment now might mean less grumpy behavior later.
back to resources